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Source: http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=1516828&goto=newpost
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Sunday, December 30, 2012
Speaking at the Alameda Writers Group January 5, 2013 ...
Speaking at the Alameda Writer?s Group January 5, 2013
I will be speaking at the Alameda Writers Group on January 5th at 10:00 on Know Your Writer?s Rights, a one hour presentation where I give screenwriters everything (well, almost everything) they need to know about the legal issues affecting writers. ?Will cover copyright infringement, registrations, options agreements, collaboration agreements, Libel & Slander, Titles, and a host of other topics. ?It?s free, so come on out and begin the year by learning something new.
For more information, visit?http://alamedawritersgroup.ning.com
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Source: http://zernerlaw.wordpress.com/2012/12/27/speaking-at-the-alameda-writers-group-january-5-2013/
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Saturday, December 29, 2012
Ohio whips ULM 45-14 to win Independence Bowl
SHREVEPORT, La. (AP) ? Tyler Tettleton threw for 331 yards and two touchdowns, Beau Blankenship scored four touchdowns, and Ohio cruised to a 45-14 victory over Louisiana-Monroe at the Independence Bowl on Friday.
Chase Cochran caught three passes for 162 yards and a touchdown as the Bobcats (9-4) won their second straight bowl game. Blankenship's four rushing touchdowns set an Independence Bowl record. He added 104 yards rushing.
Tettleton was especially sharp in the first half, completing 9 of 14 passes for 215 yards and two touchdowns as Ohio built a 24-7 lead.
Louisiana-Monroe (8-5) struggled in its first bowl game after 19 seasons in the Football Bowl Subdivision. Kolton Browning completed 21 of 39 passes for 219 yards and two touchdowns, but also threw three first-half interceptions.
Ohio broke several Independence Bowl records, including the 31-point margin of victory and 556 total yards.
Ohio lost four of five games to end the regular season ? including the last three ? but looked crisp in a complete performance against the Warhawks.
Tettleton's 2012 season had been a slight disappointment considering the huge numbers he put up the year before as a sophomore, but his performance against Louisiana-Monroe was a reminder of how good he can be. He finished 14 of 22 and averaged more than 23 yards per completion.
Blankenship finished with a school record 1,604 yards rushing yards this season and topped the 100-yard mark for the 10th time. All four of his touchdown runs came from 2 yards out or less.
Louisiana-Monroe came into Friday's game with the better storyline and basically a home-field advantage. The Warhawks were playing in their first bowl game after joining college football's highest level in 1994 and secured a bid in Shreveport, which is only about 100 miles from their campus.
But that emotional lift didn't help ULM's defense, which was torched by Tettleton's deep ball accuracy early and Blankenship's hard running late.
Tettleton needed just three passes to lead Ohio to its first touchdown. He hit Tyler Futrell on a 26-yard gain and Chase Cochran on a 51-yard strike before finding Donte Foster for the 3-yard score.
A few minutes later, Tettleton hit Cochran perfectly in stride for a 68-yard touchdown that gave the Bobcats a 14-0 lead.
Louisiana-Monroe briefly showed some life early in the second quarter when Browning's 14-yard touchdown pass to Tavarese Maye cut the margin to 14-7.
But Ohio came right back, using Matt Weller's 38-yard field goal and Blankenship's 2-yard touchdown run to push ahead 24-7 with 4:50 left in the second quarter. Blankenship's touchdown run was set up by Browning's third interception of the first half.
Louisiana-Monroe had a chance to cut into the deficit just before halftime, but coach Todd Berry's gamble to go for a touchdown instead of a short field goal backfired when Browning's final pass of the half sailed harmlessly out the back of the end zone.
Berry's gamble wasn't a surprise ? the Warhawks had gained a reputation for unorthodox play-calling during their record-setting season. But nothing seemed to work against the Bobcats, and the large ULM fan contingent had mostly disappeared from the stands by the end of the third quarter.
_____
Follow David Brandt on Twitter: www.twitter.com/davidbrandtAP
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ohio-whips-ulm-45-14-win-independence-bowl-222056493--spt.html
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Friday, December 28, 2012
Senate Majority Leader Reid proclaims country appears headed over 'fiscal cliff' (Star Tribune)
How to Real Estate Investors acquire thousands of properties ...
Syndication may let you get a lot of units, numerically. But when you bring in other people and their money, you're giving up returns. That said, the management fees from a syndicate are sometimes the ONLY money being made. Ask me about a mini-storage I'm stuck in!
What's the biggest key? Spend less than you make. Whether you're making $10 an hour or have a $200K a year job, you have to spend less than you make. Save the difference and invest it. Buy good investments (tough to do 100% of the time) and roll the returns back into your portfolio. Over time, it will begin to snowball.
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Thursday, December 27, 2012
The Real Reason Democrats Want to Raise Taxes ... - Yahoo! Finance
Editor's note: This post originally appeared on Business Insider
A common argument you hear from conservatives is that raising taxes on the rich is a joke of a deficit reduction proposal, because it hardly makes a dent in the deficit.
According to CNBC, reverting to Clinton-era levels would just get you about $40 billion to $45 billion in the first year.
GOP Congressman Tom Price has gotten a lot of attention for saying it would only fund the government for eight days... so what's the point?
So what is the point?
Well, it's not really about deficit reduction at all.
Related: Higher Taxes Will Create Jobs and Cut the Deficit: David Cay Johnston
Zachary Goldfarb at The Washington Post has a great piece on how Democrats once vehemently opposed the Bush tax cuts, but are now trying to permanently preserve all of them for the vast majority of taxpayers. One big reason is that the economy has changed, and there's a recognition among virtually everyone that the economy is too weak to let taxes rise above the board.
What?s more, income inequality has been growing. Sparing the middle class higher taxes while requiring the wealthy to pay more would tip the scales slightly in the other direction.
?The reason there?s been this movement toward broad consensus on renewing the tax cut for working- and middle-class families is that will give us a sharper progressivity in the tax system that is very much desired by Democrats and progressives who?ve seen an income distribution more and more distorted toward the wealthy,? said Betsey Stevenson, former chief economist in Obama?s Labor Department and a professor at the University of Michigan.
The point about making the tax code more progressive doesn't get talked enough. But this issue should be brought up in every discussion about changing marginal tax rates.
Related: Corporate Taxes: Notably Absent from the Fiscal Cliff Discussions
The truth of the matter is that it's not going to be that easy to close the deficit using the tax code, or even via lower spending. Deficits are closed via more growth, and that's about it.
A great predictor of deficits, going back decades, is the unemployment rate. The tax code has much less to do with it than people think.
But the tax code can help create more progressive outcomes, and at a time when inequality continues to rise, addressing that inequality is a major liberal goal.
More from The Daily Ticker:
Forget Stocks? Shilling's Backing Bonds for 2013
Housing Recovery Has Legs for Another 2-4 Years: Mark Zandi
Energy Prices Will Fall Next Year as Supplies Outpace Demand: Jefferies
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The Mars Rover Takes A Selfie
Who hasn't turned a camera around at arm's length to snap a picture to send to friends or family? It always seems like it takes a few tries to frame the shot just right to capture both you and that awesome mountain summit behind you.
But if you're the small SUV-size robot named Curiosity that's trolling around on the surface of Mars finding signs of water and sniffing for methane, you don't seem to have that trouble.
NASA just released a beautiful self-portrait of the rover, taken on the 84th and 85th days of Curiosity's mission to Mars ? Oct. 31 and Nov. 1. The composite image, assembled from dozens of images from the Mars Hand Lens Imager aboard the rover, shows the rover at "Rocknest," where Curiosity took its first samples of the Martian soil. (You can see four scoops near the center of the frame.)
NASA writes that "self-portraits like this one document the state of the rover and allow mission engineers to track changes over time, such as dust accumulation and wheel wear." (And if you're curious about how the rover took this self-portrait, there's an animation over at NASA.gov.)
Seems more like a "wish you were here" postcard.
Source: http://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2012/12/27/168139129/the-mars-rover-takes-a-selfie?ft=1&f=1007
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Amy D. Waterman, Ph.D.: The Beginning
I first started coming to Pasadena, California to decorate the Donate Life Rose Parade Float in December, 2009. I was tired and in pain. My husband had left me in November, asking for a divorce. I didn't bother to get a tree. I didn't want to open the red and green tubs filled with stockings, snow globes and red velvet tablecloths. I couldn't fake the holiday spirit -- I was nowhere near it.
Seeing my sadness, a friend of mine responsible for decorating and launching a float about organ and tissue donation in the Rose Parade saw an opportunity. "Come out to Pasadena and help us decorate our float," he said. "I don't know how, but I promise it will help you." So I flew out, arrived on a sunny, Southern California day, and was given a sky blue Donate Life volunteer t-shirt to wear. I put it on gratefully, happy to be an anonymous volunteer instead of Amy Waterman, whose life had just combusted around her.
One of the lead event coordinators put me to work in a hotel ballroom. I lined up nametags in alphabetical order, laid out individual tissue packs onto the tables, and checked in all the people that we were there to honor. They looked pretty ordinary to me -- a group of people like those you might see if you got on a bus. They were from everywhere, of all ages and ethnicities. Some were frail, walking with canes or in wheelchairs. There were a few children. These were the Donate Life float riders and their families, the two dozen people representing the hundreds of thousands of people whose lives are touched every year by the cause of organ and tissue donation. On New Year's Day, they would ride the float waving to the world, inspiring up to 40 million people.
After dinner, each float rider stood up and told their story. I met a 12-year old girl who received a heart transplant 11 days after her birth. One gentle man, Manuel Salazar, had been electrocuted in a work accident, where his arms and legs were completely burned off. He shared about receiving bone grafts so that he could maneuver his wheelchair without assistance. Other family members shared about the moment where, in an instant, they lost someone they loved in a car accident or to a shooting or brain aneurism. One woman, Carolyn Bryant, died while nine months pregnant. Thirteen years later, her son Carter, delivered by C-section one day before her death, would be riding the Donate Life float in her honor, sitting beside the recipient of his mother's liver, Tyla Newbold.
The room was deeply quiet that night as one by one, stories were shared. We cried, as a community, for what was lost and what was gained. At the end of the evening, each rider signed commemorative Rose Parade posters so that each rider could take one home to frame. Manuel signed each copy with a Sharpie marker held in his mouth.
The 2010 Donate Life float featured a phoenix, rising majestically from the ashes. Ringing its neck were floral pictures of those who had donated organs, tissues and bone in their passing. That year, in between my volunteer duties, I would stop and look up at the phoenix rising triumphantly above me in the air. Early on the morning of January 1, I helped the float riders get seated underneath its wings. As they buckled in, I said, "We love you." "We love you, too," many of the riders said back to me. And then they were off for their ride of a lifetime -- a five-mile journey down Colorado Boulevard, smiling and waving in front of 800,000 parade spectators and tens of millions more watching on television.
Afterwards, I went home to St. Louis. I signed the divorce paperwork, figured out how to unstop a toilet, and kept writing papers towards achieving tenure at my university. Thinking of the people I had met at on the float, I could keep living if they could. It was just a divorce.
This week, I will be back in Pasadena to help launch the 2013 Donate Life float, themed, "Journeys of the Heart." One thousand people touched by our cause will place tens of thousands of roses, mums and orchids on the float. A new class of 32 float riders, 72 floragraph families and 3000 individually dedicated roses will represent organ and tissue donors and recipients nationally. Our float's central image, two intertwined hearts, will stand above us: a beacon of what is good and hopeful about humanity. We begin again, as we must, standing strong against pain, loss and resignation.
Watch the Rose Parade at 8 a.m. PST on January 1, 2013 to experience Donate Life's "Journeys of the Heart."
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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/amy-d-waterman-phd/donate-a-life_b_2362253.html
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Sunday, December 23, 2012
Prime rib roast
Prime rib roast is a classic Christmas dinner. Pair it with your favorite side dishes, rolls, and fresh salad.
Prime rib roast seasoned with a rub of peppercorns, rosemary, thyme, salt, and garlic will complete your holiday table as a beautiful centerpiece.
Courtesy of Maria's Homemade
EnlargePrime rib roast is a special meal, and what better occasion to make this fine dish than Christmas Eve or Christmas dinner?
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This recipe comes to Stir It Up! from Maria Zoitas, the creator of Maria?s Homemade, a line of prepared food sold exclusively at?Westside Market NYC.
Merry Christmas, however you choose to set at your table, and best wishes for safe and warm holiday.
Prime rib roast
Serves 10 to 12
?
1 Whole frenched rib bone in (10-12 lbs.)
2 tablespoon olive oil
1/4 cup tricolor peppercorns
1 tablespoon minced fresh thyme
2 tablespoons minced fresh rosemary
1/2 cup salt
1/2 cup minced garlic
4 cups of water
1. Preheat oven at 400 degrees F.
2. Place peppercorns in a plastic bag and crush them with a rolling pin.
?
?3. In a small bowl add thyme, rosemary, salt, crushed mixed peppers, minced garlic, and olive oil. This mixture will be used for seasoning.
?
?4. Using your clean hands, smother the rib with the seasoning; make sure the bottom and sides are also covered with the seasoning.
?
?5. Place the seasoned rib into a large roasting pan, add the water.
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?6. Put the roasting pan into the preheated oven and roast for about 3 hours, or until the roast has reached an internal temperature of 120 degrees F.
Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/aLkRlSuDH_E/Prime-rib-roast
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Tuesday, December 18, 2012
UConn holds pre-game ceremony for Newtown victims
Connecticut's Ryan Boatright participates in a moment of silence honoring those killed in a school shooting in Newtown, Conn., last Friday. The service was held before an NCAA college basketball game between Connecticut and Maryland Eastern Shore in Hartford, Conn., Monday, Dec. 17, 2012. (AP Photo/Fred Beckham)
Connecticut's Ryan Boatright participates in a moment of silence honoring those killed in a school shooting in Newtown, Conn., last Friday. The service was held before an NCAA college basketball game between Connecticut and Maryland Eastern Shore in Hartford, Conn., Monday, Dec. 17, 2012. (AP Photo/Fred Beckham)
Members of the Connecticut's cheer, dance and basketball teams participate in a service honoring those killed in a school shooting in Newtown, Conn., last Friday. The service was held before an NCAA college basketball game between Connecticut and Maryland Eastern Shore in Hartford, Conn., Monday, Dec. 17, 2012. (AP Photo/Fred Beckham)
HARTFORD, Conn. (AP) ? UConn sophomore guard Ryan Boatright had the letters "SH" on his left cheek.
The UConn men's basketball team played its first game since the shooting that took place Friday morning at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown.
A brief pre-game ceremony was held before Monday's matchup against Maryland Eastern-Shore in honor of the 26 victims who were fatally shot at the school.
There was a moment of silence as 26 students holding candles and players formed a circle at midcourt. Eight members of the Governor's Foot Guard of Connecticut stood with flags stood at attention.
UConn players wore patches on their game jerseys to honor the memory of the 20 children and six adults at the school who were shot.
The rectangular patch had a green background, black outline and the letters "SH" in white. The school colors are green and white.
In addition, UConn bench personnel and others associated with the game wore special green and white ribbons.
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Why Did Nancy Lanza Love Guns?
The author?s first time at a shooting range in Chicago in 2004 Photo by Jason Mojica.
Nancy Lanza and I shared a hobby: guns.
I first picked up a gun in 2004. I was 25 years old and had already gone through all sorts of heinous tribulations that I had convinced myself were female rites of passage?a date rape in Newark, N.J.; an assault by two men in Martha?s Vineyard; and three violent muggings in New York City. I?d walked in and out of therapy and enrolled and dropped out of several self-defense classes when I realized my physical prowess did not match my mental brawn. But in 2004, I was living in Chicago and hanging out with a lot of tough guys, or so they liked to pretend. And a boyfriend took me to a shooting range for the first time?me in my long layered hair, glasses, and white lacy sweater, whining about what recoil might feel like while in aisles next to me men shot photocopied Osama bin Laden targets. I put on the goggles and earmuffs, took the .22 as if it were a snappy puppy that might bite, and I fired.
I fell in love with guns from the first shot. It?s hard to explain what it was that did it. The hard pop and cold ease in the aftermath?a sort of Zen-like calm that spreads through you after the high adrenaline burst of the shot. Or was it the fact that I was actually good at it, a fairly decent shot, and a dog-and-pony show for the shooting range that afternoon? Oh, look, a girl who can shoot. Or was it the power, the feeling that I was in control of something that could destroy more effectively than almost anything on the planet? That I, a historically scrawny, weak nerd who?d been the prey to all sorts of danger, could now be the danger.
The attention I got at the range that day, with big working-class Chicago guys marveling at my lady-focus and lady-drive and lady-aim! My boyfriend was never so proud. I posted a ?series of my new shooting-range photos on MySpace, and I never felt sexier.?
I had discovered yet another calling that would upend expectation. Like reports about Nancy Lanza, I liked craft beers and outdrinking men at bars. I knew my Cormac McCarthy and my Herman Melville and my Jack London, my James Bond and my rappers and motorcycles. My first crush was the Marlboro Man, his ads all over my bedroom. Guns seemed the pinnacle of virility, and the ultimate way for me to be a badass woman?a tough girl in a man?s world, just a hair shy of being an actual man.
So for years, I went to shooting ranges. I shot .22-caliber rifles and M1911 semi-automatic pistols and Marlin .30-30 lever rifles and Glocks and ultimately even a shotgun. Boyfriends came and went, and they were all amazed by my love of guns and shooting. Until the one that wasn?t. We got serious just as I was considering buying a .357 Magnum. ?I?d consider leaving you if you got one,? he said. ?I don?t want that in my house.?
I remember laughing and saying something emasculating. But I was surprised. And I listened to his argument and realized that this man actually loved me and in building a life with me, one that could include children even, felt it would not be possible if I harbored instruments of death in our nest. I told him I?d forget about it. But I didn?t.
Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=cfbd393ce8c7b8cf9d60cc93c25b94c5
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Bahrain breaks up protests, arrests campaigner: activists
DUBAI (Reuters) - Bahraini police fired stun grenades to break up dozens of protesters and arrested around 25 people including a prominent campaigner during anti-government rallies in the capital Manama on Monday, activists said.
Sayed Yousif Al-Muhafda, a leading figure at the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, was detained for joining the opposition marches marking the death of two activists in the 1990s - his second arrest since November, another campaigner told Reuters.
The island kingdom, the base of the U.S. Navy's Fifth Fleet, has been in turmoil since pro-democracy protests led by its Shi'ite Muslim majority erupted last year inspired by revolts across the region.
Earlier this month, Bahrain's opposition groups welcomed a call by the Crown Prince for dialogue. But meetings have not started and the unrest has continued.
Dozens of protesters shouted anti-government slogans in the streets of Manama's old market area then fled into alleyways pursued by police, witnesses said.
Up to 100 men and women marched in another street but were also dispersed, they added. Police used at least two stun grenades to break up crowds, but there were no direct clashes with security forces, said people at the scene.
The authorities have stepped up efforts to end the unrest in recent months and several activists have been arrested or jailed for organizing or taking part in unlicensed protests.
Interior Minister Sheikh Rashed bin Abdullah al-Khalifa announced a temporary ban on rallies and gatherings in November.
The move, along with the revocation of the citizenship of 31 Bahrainis accused of fomenting violence, were criticized by Western countries and international rights groups.
Muhafda was arrested during the marches, Mohammed al-Maskati, head of the Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights, told Reuters. Muhafda was detained last month on charges of illegally gathering and taking part in an unauthorized march.
Another activist, Zainab al-Khawaja, was jailed for two months in October for tearing up a picture of King Hamad bin Isa. She is also facing charges of inciting hatred against the government.
Bahrain's ruling Al-Khalifa family, who are Sunni Muslims, used martial law and help from Gulf neighbors to put down last year's uprising, but unrest has resumed.
The opposition says little progress has been made towards its demands for reforms including a parliament with full powers to legislate and form governments. Many Shi'ites complain of political and economic marginalization, a charge the government denies. (Reporting by Rania El Gamal; Editing by Andrew Heavens)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bahrain-breaks-protests-arrests-campaigner-activists-190147167.html
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Monday, December 17, 2012
PFT: 34-0 win over Giants a great sign for Falcons
Getty ImagesBenching a quarterback who rarely turned the ball over and usually won was a tough call.
And at times during the 49ers? 41-34 win over the Patriots, it looked like it was going to backfire.
But for all the discussion about the transition from veteran Alex Smith to Colin Kaepernick under center, the man taking snaps almost doesn?t matter with the way the 49ers play defense.
The league?s top-ranked defense bludgeoned the league?s top-ranked offense for the first 35 minutes or so, making the Patriots look like they were the ones on the road in adverse conditions. They pressured Tom Brady. They forced turnovers. They made Wes Welker disappear.
That?s not defense. That?s magic.
The Patriots entered the game averaging 36.3 points and 425.7 yards per game, and they showed why while erasing a four-touchdown deficit to tie the game in the fourth quarter.
But the 49ers showed some resilience, taking that shot and answering, stopping Tom Brady at a point where it almost seemed fated to become another chapter in his legacy.
The shots they were doling out all night had a cumulative toll on the Patriots, who looked gassed at the end. The 49ers improved to 10-3-1 and clinched a playoff berth, and they proved they can come up with a stop, which will be helpful when they?re playing people not named Tom Brady.
Here are five more things we learned during Sunday Night Football:
1. Kaepernick does some amazing things. That?s why 49ers coach Jim Harbaugh made the change.
But he might also do things that shorten the season.
Like many young quarterbacks, he will lock onto his first read, and he will throw interceptions. That?s fine, when he?s playing with a lead. But at some point in the next month (actually next week), he?ll see defenses which make him pay for it more than occasionally.
And Frank Gore?s not always going to be there to pick up his fumbled snaps and carry them for touchdowns. He needs to play a cleaner game if the 49ers want to make good this potential.
Kaepernick can make big plays, but there were some troubling signs in the midst of the win.
2. Take away the simple fact the 49ers changed quarterbacks in mid-stream.?They are a nightmare to prepare for because of the way they?re constantly changing personnel.
From the modified pistol formation they which caters to Kaepernick?s skills to empty backfields to traditional two-tight end, one-back sets, they present a constant challenge.
It?s hard to match up when you don?t know where people are going to be, and having tight ends as varied as Vernon Davis and Delanie Walker makes it that much harder.
3. Devin McCourty looks completely at home playing safety.
If the Patriots had a few more players in their secondary as good at their jobs, they would be much better off. Since converting from cornerback, he?s made plays, and they badly needed someone in the middle of the defense who could.
4. You know what else the Patriots could use? A running back with better hands.
Stevan Ridley is talented enough, but you wonder how many more chances he?ll get when turns it over twice in a significant game.
There?s a reason the Patriots have been a home for wayward veterans like Kevin Faulk and others over the years. Trust is important to coach Bill Belichick, and Ridley just burned a good share of his tonight.
5. At different points in the last few weeks, the Packers and 49ers have taken turns looking like they might be the best team in the league.
But both teams have a quiet problem that could loom large in the postseason, with kickers they can?t trust enough.
The Packers keep propping up Mason Crosby, but it?s telling some of the kicks the 49ers don?t let David Akers try any more.
He?s been shaky on all but the short ones all year, and you can easily see it changing play-calling in a close game.
Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/12/16/falcons-roll-to-huge-win-over-giants/related/
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Enterprise Internet Hosting Made Easy With Top Web Hosting Firm ...
Techniques to Pick out the ideal Web site Design and style Provider
Your business?s online presence is undoubtedly an essential part of the organisation. Roughly any one that?s looking at working on business enterprise along with you is certain to investigate your organization via the web right before signing a deal or producing a choose. Nonetheless, the general public aren?t concerned in online undertakings completely often and aren?t confident what to seek when picking the perfect world-wide-web design company. Choosing the incorrect website style and design crew could confirm devastating, so that you should be conscientious.
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Prefer an agency with information enhancement and optimization at the main in their tactic.
Are they an one-trick pony? Your organization will always be evolving, and your preferences will possible go beyond the internet. If world-wide-web model and enhancement would be the firm?s only place of skills, their eyes will glaze about the moment you mention direct mail, delivering a video, designing your tradeshow booth, creating a press launch, or solidifying their brand name situation. Request whether the organization has equally as substantially competence in branding, advertising and marketing, and print layout since they do with online.
Opt for a full-service agency to build not only a superb websites, but an extensive internet marketing methodology.
Will their CMS bring about you stress and anxiety?Assume of your Material Administration Strategy (CMS) as ?the wheel.? Some world-wide-web layout enterprises look at to reinvent the wheel on almost every mission, generating proprietary custom answers which have been not often appropriate and add significant fees with your mission. Utilizing a proprietary choice could also lock you in to using that firm for all your online preservation or blog upgrades during the foreseeable future.Other suppliers (these kinds of as Intuit or Volusion) cause you to hire their wheel, primarily leasing an internet site from their system which has a ?software for a service? CMS. These remedies are significantly confined in design and functionality (with pretty much no capability to customise both), and you also will not be capable to choose any of your web-site with you if you decide to leave. After which usually there are nonetheless some web site design and style businesses who?ll look at to persuade you that you simply please don?t have to have a wheel, implementing their webpages in outdated technologies this kind of as Dreamweaver templates (and even static HTML) to make sure that you happen to be forced to rely on the agency to help make even slight updates (in most cases below an overpriced repair agreement). Seek out an internet design and style specialist who:
Considers webpages and not using a CMS to generally be just simple nutty
Builds webpages on an open up supply Material Administration Product system (this type of as WordPress or Drupal)
Listens to, files, and implements your particular specifications
Fortunately states, ?You own the code? Your web site should probably be constructed over a scalable, customizable, open-source system so that it brings enduring benefit and grows with the online business.
Acquire your time and effort and investigate multiple website pattern enterprises prior to deciding to make an investment. This is often an important investment, and a critical half of the internet business, so be certain that you happen to be earning the right determination.
And, when you happen to be looking at your world-wide-web presence, you might like to acquire a look with the five issues for your Search engine optimization organization.
Cpanel Internet Hosting Inodes Count can give you maximum data for Benefits And Drawbacks Of Free Web Hosting.You should drop by and see the article for more data!
Related posts:
- Better Enterprise Bureau Scores Of Web Hosting Corporations
- Internet Hosting Critiques An Exquisite Option To Analyze A Hosting Company
- Reseller Internet Hosting
- Low-Cost Web Hosting Methods To Search Out Cheap Internet Hosting Within Your Funds
- Collocated Internet Hosting Over Dedicated Web Hosting
Source: http://www.thefloorgeek.com/2012/12/enterprise-internet-hosting-made-easy-with-top-web-hosting-firm/
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Saturday, December 15, 2012
Creating a Courage-Cultivating Ritual | World of Psychology
Courage has very little to do with fearlessness. In fact, courage is all about fear. Courage is acting in the company of fear. It?s feeling fear, and doing it anyway.
Courage ?is the ability to confront fear, pain, risk, danger, uncertainty or intimidation,? write authors Nina Lesowitz and Mary Beth Sammons in their book The Courage Companion: How to Live Life with True Power.
Courage isn?t just heroic acts. Courage is many things. And often courage is quiet, spoken in hushed tones, like the well-known and beautiful quote from Mary Anne Rademacher: ?Courage doesn?t always roar. Sometimes courage is the little voice at the end of the day that says I?ll try again tomorrow.?
?What we discovered is that courage can be a form of tenaciousness, a refusal to quit because you?re tired, or hurt, or humiliated, or emotionally broken,? according to Lesowitz and Sammons.
In The Courage Companion, they share many powerful stories of people who?ve faced everything from deep depression to the suicide of a loved one to months of unemployment. They explain that their goal was to show readers what courage looks and feels like.
Lesowitz and Sammons also share how we can cultivate courage in our daily lives and ?tap into your own inner brave heart.? In one chapter they offer the helpful suggestion of creating a courage ritual. They recommend turning to your ritual ?when you are so scared that you question your ability to keep going.?
These are some of their tips for a courage ritual:
- Create a safe retreat in your mind. When you?re feeling scared, visit that place.
- Look in the mirror and say, ?I love you? to show yourself support.
- Imagine you?re strong. You might pick a strong symbol like a superhero.
- Ask a trusted friend for support.
- Connect to your gratitude, and give thanks for your blessings.
- Listen to music that soothes you.
- Practice yoga or stretch your body.
- Picture yourself as a plant or flower being nourished and basking in the sun.
Of course, courage is often complicated, and there?s no quick fix for overcoming one?s fears. But it helps to have several concrete, practical strategies that help you take the first or second step toward chipping away at your concerns, worries and doubts. That help to remind you of your inner valor.
What helps you tap into your brave heart?
What helps you cultivate courage? ?
?
Strong girl photo available from Shutterstock
Margarita Tartakovsky, M.S. is an Associate Editor at Psych Central and blogs regularly about eating and self-image issues on her own blog, Weightless.Like this author?
Catch up on other posts by Margarita Tartakovsky, M.S. (or subscribe to their feed).
????Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 15 Dec 2012
????Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
APA Reference
Tartakovsky, M. (2012). Creating a Courage-Cultivating Ritual. Psych Central. Retrieved on December 16, 2012, from http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2012/12/15/creating-a-courage-cultivating-ritual/
?
Source: http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2012/12/15/creating-a-courage-cultivating-ritual/
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Media Reports Named The Wrong Lanza As The ... - Business Insider
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Following reports that the Connecticut mass shooting suspect was named Ryan Lanza, many media outlets linked to the Facebook account of a Ryan Lanza from Newtown, Conn. The account has since been taken down.
This Ryan Lanza's picture and information about him was featured on Fox, CBS, and many other outlets.
However, it appears to be the wrong guy. The New York Post has reported that the name of the suspect is actually Adam Lanza. According to reports over at the Newtown Patch, sources say Ryan Lanza has told friends his "developmentally disabled brother may have committed the crime". It is believed that Adam Lanza may have taken his brother's ID.
A number of people were friends with Ryan Lanza on Facebook say that Lanza has been posting that he is not the shooter (the posts can apparently only be seen by those who are friends with Lanza).
One Twitter user, Andrew Fletcher, tweeted this apparent screenshot from Lanza's account:
Another user, Matt Bors, tweeted this apparent screenshot:
Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/the-wrong-ryan-lanza-pictured-on-cbs-2012-12
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Chlamydia Rate Continues To Climb In The U.S., CDC Reports
* Syphilis, gonorrhea rates largely unchanged
* STDs hit the young, gay and bisexual men hardest
By Julie Steenhuysen
CHICAGO, Dec 13 (Reuters) - The number of Americans newly diagnosed with chlamydia continued to rise in 2011, likely due to increased screening and more sensitive tests, while rates of syphilis remained unchanged and rates of gonorrhea hovered at near-historic lows, U.S. health officials said on Thursday.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's annual report on sexually transmitted diseases, which tracks cases of the three reportable STDs - chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis - young people and gay and bisexual men continue to be most affected by STDs.
In 2011, gay and bisexual men made up nearly three-quarters, or 72 percent, of all cases of syphilis. Young people had the most cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea, the CDC report found.
If left untreated, gonorrhea and chlamydia cause infertility, and syphilis can lead to serious long-term complications, including brain, heart and organ damage.
People with any of these diseases are at greater risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
Here are some details from the report: * Gonorrhea - Overall, rates of gonorrhea rose 4 percent to 321,849, the second consecutive year of increases. But the disease remains at historically low levels. * Chlamydia - Reported cases of chlamydia rose 8 percent to 1.4 million in 2011, compared with 2010, continuing the 20-year increase in diagnoses due to expanded screening efforts and more sensitive screening tests. * Syphilis - The overall number of syphilis cases held steady in 2011 at 13,970, after falling 1.6 percent in 2010. According to the CDC, the steady trend masks declining infections among women and increases among men, especially gay and bisexual men.
Also on HuffPost:
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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/14/chlamydia-rate-climbing-rising-us_n_2296055.html
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Forex News: Euro Decline May Reflect Doubts ... - Forex Trading Hot
It?s a tough month to be a European finance minister. Just after EU finance ministers met yesterday and formed an agreement to appoint the ECB as the head of Euro-zone wide banking supervisor, Euro-zone finance ministers are again meeting today to discuss releasing the 34.4 billion Euro aid tranche to the Greek government.
The Greek government completed a buyback of bonds on Tuesday, and that was one of the measures it agreed upon with its creditors in hopes of lowering the country?s debt to GDP ratio to 124% by 2020. Yet despite all the positive predictions, judging from Euro performance in forex markets today, there seems to be doubts over the ministers? ability to reach an agreement today.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel said the buyback program qualified Greece for aid and that Greek reforms will boost growth. EU?s Rehn also said that he is confident that a decision will be made to go forwards with Greek aid today, and his comments were also reflected by optimistic comments from the French and Dutch finance ministers.
The only doubts about today?s meeting were raised by the Cyprus finance minister, who said that ?we?ll see? if Greece gets approval for more aid. As those comments were released, the Euro began a 40 point decline from 1.3090 that more than erased the gains made following the announcement of the banking supervisor approval that was made towards the end of the Asian session. The comments do not seem significant enough to be the sole reason behind the decline, and therefore it is tough to say exactly what was behind the Euro selloff, and it might have been just some unwinding of a 3-day and 200 point rally.
At the start of the Euro decline, the SNB also announced that it will maintain the 1.20 Franc ceiling against the Euro, and there is no limit to the central bank?s purchase of foreign currencies. The central bank also said that the Franc is still too high, and the SNB might take further action. SNB President Jordan later said he hasn?t ruled out negative interest rates.
The Euro is currently trading around 1.3050 against the US Dollar in currency markets, and resistance has been provided over the last 3 month around 1.3139.
In other economic news, the European Central Bank said in its monthly bulletin that it expects the Euro-zone economy to gradually recover in late 2013 following further weakness. The statement echoed ECB?s Draghi comments at the press conference following the rate decision on December 6. The IFO also predicted today that the German economy will contract 0.3% in the current quarter, but expand by 0.7% in 2013. Spain sold bonds today for 2.02 billion Euros versus a 2 billion Euro target, and Italy sold 2015 bonds for 2.50% average yield versus 2.64% in November. Greek unemployment rose to 24.8% in Q3 according to today?s release.
EURUSD Daily: December 13, 2012
? Written by Benjamin Spier, DailyFX Research
Source: http://www.forextradinghot.com/forex-news-euro-decline-may-reflect-doubts-ahead-of-finmins-meeting/
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Friday, December 14, 2012
Reality check for DNA nanotechnology
![[ Back to EurekAlert! ]](http://www.eurekalert.org/images/back2e.gif){kind=small}
Public release date: 13-Dec-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Patrick Regan
regan@zv.tum.de
49-089-289-10515
Technische Universitaet Muenchen
Lowering barriers to DNA-based nanomanufacturing
Two major barriers to the advancement of DNA nanotechnology beyond the research lab have been knocked down. This emerging technology employs DNA as a programmable building material for self-assembled, nanometer-scale structures. Many practical applications have been envisioned, and researchers recently demonstrated a synthetic membrane channel made from DNA. Until now, however, design processes were hobbled by a lack of structural feedback. Assembly was slow and often of poor quality. Now researchers led by Prof. Hendrik Dietz of the Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) have removed these obstacles.
One barrier holding the field back was an unproven assumption. Researchers were able to design a wide variety of discrete objects and specify exactly how DNA strands should zip together and fold into the desired shapes. They could show that the resulting nanostructures closely matched the designs. Still lacking, though, was the validation of the assumed subnanometer-scale precise positional control. This has been confirmed for the first time through analysis of a test object designed specifically for the purpose. A technical breakthrough based on advances in fundamental understanding, this demonstration has provided a crucial reality check for DNA nanotechnology.
In a separate set of experiments, the researchers discovered that the time it takes to make a batch of complex DNA-based objects can be cut from a week to a matter of minutes, and that the yield can be nearly 100%. They showed for the first time that at a constant temperature, hundreds of DNA strands can fold cooperatively to form an object correctly, as designed within minutes. Surprisingly, they say, the process is similar to protein folding, despite significant chemical and structural differences. "Seeing this combination of rapid folding and high yield," Dietz says, "we have a stronger sense than ever that DNA nanotechnology could lead to a new kind of manufacturing, with a commercial, even industrial future." And there are immediate benefits, he adds: "Now we don't have to wait a week for feedback on an experimental design, and multi-step assembly processes have suddenly become so much more practical."
Atomically precise control
To test the assumption that discrete DNA objects could be assembled as designed with subnanometer precision, TUM biophysicists collaborated with scientists at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK. They produced a relatively large, three-dimensional DNA-based structure, asymmetrical to help determine the orientation, and incorporating distinctive design motifs.
Subnanometer-resolution imaging with low-temperature electron microscopy enabled the researchers to map the object which comprises more than 460,000 atoms with subnanometer-scale detail. Because the object incorporates, in effect, a whole library of different design elements, it will also serve as a resource for further study. The results, reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, not only demonstrate atomically precise assembly, but also show that such structures, formerly thought to be jelly-like and flexible, are rigid enough to be probed by electron microscopy.
Fast processing, near-100% yields
In contrast, DNA objects with 19 different designs including plate-like, gear-like, and brick-like shapes were used for a second series of experiments at TUM, reported in the latest issue of Science. Here the researchers' main focus was on the dynamics of DNA folding and unfolding. The usual self-assembly process is often described as a "one-pot reaction": Strands of DNA that will serve as the template, instructions, and building material for a designed object are placed together at a relatively high temperature where they will remain separate; the temperature is gradually lowered, and somewhere along the line the DNA strands zip together to form the desired structures.
Observing this process in unprecedented detail, the TUM researchers discovered that all of the action takes place within a specific and relatively narrow temperature range, which differs depending on the design of the object. One practical implication is that, once the optimal temperature for a given design has been determined, DNA self-assembly nanomanufacturing, in essence could be accomplished through fast processes at constant temperatures. Following up on this lead, the researchers found that they could "mass-produce" objects made from hundreds of DNA strands within minutes instead of days, with almost no defective objects or by-products in the resulting batch.
"Besides telling us that complex DNA objects are manufacturable," Dietz says, "these results suggest something we hardly dared to imagine before that it might be possible to assemble DNA nanodevices in a cell culture or even within a living cell."
From the viewpoint of fundamental biology, the most intriguing result of these experiments may be the discovery that DNA folding resembles protein folding more closely than anticipated. Chemically and structurally, the two families of biomolecules are quite different. But the researchers observed clearly defined "cooperative" steps in the folding of complex DNA objects, no different in principle from mechanisms at work in protein folding. They speculate that further experiments with self-assembly of designed DNA objects could help to unravel the mysteries of protein folding, which is more complex and less accessible to direct study.
###
This work was supported by the European Research Council (HD, Starting Grant #256270); the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the Excellence Clusters CIPSM and NIM, the TUM Institute for Advanced Study, and the Collaborative Research Center SFB863; and the Medical Research Council.
Original publications:
Xiao-chen Bai, Thomas G. Martin, Sjors H. W. Scheres, Hendrik Dietz. Cryo-EM structure of a 3D DNA-origami object. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Dec. 4, 2012, 109 (49) 20012-20017; on-line in PNAS Early Edition, Nov. 19, 2012. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215713109
Jean-Philippe J. Sobczak, Thomas G. Martin, Thomas Gerling, Hendrik Dietz. Rapid folding of DNA into nanoscale shapes at constant temperature. Science, vol. 338, issue 6113, pp. 1458-1461. DOI: 10.1126/science.1229919
See also: Martin Langecker, Vera Arnaut, Thomas G. Martin, Jonathan List, Stephan Renner, Michael Mayer, Hendrik Dietz, and Friedrich C. Simmel. Synthetic lipid membrane channels formed by designed DNA nanostructures. Science, vol. 338, issue 6109, pp. 932-936. DOI: 10.1126/science.1225624
Contact:
Prof. Hendrik Dietz
Technische Universitaet Muenchen
Physics Dept., Walter Schottky Institute / ZNN
Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
Tel: +49 (0)89 289 11615
E-mail: dietz@tum.de
Web: http://bionano.physik.tu-muenchen.de
Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) is one of Germany's leading universities. It has roughly 480 professors, 9,000 academic and non-academic staff, and 32,000 students. It focuses on the engineering sciences, natural sciences, life sciences, medicine, and economic sciences. After winning numerous awards, it was selected as an "Elite University" in 2006 and 2012 by the Science Council (Wissenschaftsrat) and the German Research Foundation (DFG). In both international and national rankings, TUM is rated as one of Germany's top universities. TUM is dedicated to the ideal of a top-level research-based entrepreneurial university. The university's global presence includes offices in Beijing (People's Republic of China), Boston (USA), Brussels (Belgium), Cairo (Egypt), Mumbai (India) and Sao Paulo (Brazil). The German Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), founded in 2002 in Singapore, is the first research campus of a German university abroad. www.tum.de
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 13-Dec-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Patrick Regan
regan@zv.tum.de
49-089-289-10515
Technische Universitaet Muenchen
Lowering barriers to DNA-based nanomanufacturing
Two major barriers to the advancement of DNA nanotechnology beyond the research lab have been knocked down. This emerging technology employs DNA as a programmable building material for self-assembled, nanometer-scale structures. Many practical applications have been envisioned, and researchers recently demonstrated a synthetic membrane channel made from DNA. Until now, however, design processes were hobbled by a lack of structural feedback. Assembly was slow and often of poor quality. Now researchers led by Prof. Hendrik Dietz of the Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) have removed these obstacles.
One barrier holding the field back was an unproven assumption. Researchers were able to design a wide variety of discrete objects and specify exactly how DNA strands should zip together and fold into the desired shapes. They could show that the resulting nanostructures closely matched the designs. Still lacking, though, was the validation of the assumed subnanometer-scale precise positional control. This has been confirmed for the first time through analysis of a test object designed specifically for the purpose. A technical breakthrough based on advances in fundamental understanding, this demonstration has provided a crucial reality check for DNA nanotechnology.
In a separate set of experiments, the researchers discovered that the time it takes to make a batch of complex DNA-based objects can be cut from a week to a matter of minutes, and that the yield can be nearly 100%. They showed for the first time that at a constant temperature, hundreds of DNA strands can fold cooperatively to form an object correctly, as designed within minutes. Surprisingly, they say, the process is similar to protein folding, despite significant chemical and structural differences. "Seeing this combination of rapid folding and high yield," Dietz says, "we have a stronger sense than ever that DNA nanotechnology could lead to a new kind of manufacturing, with a commercial, even industrial future." And there are immediate benefits, he adds: "Now we don't have to wait a week for feedback on an experimental design, and multi-step assembly processes have suddenly become so much more practical."
Atomically precise control
To test the assumption that discrete DNA objects could be assembled as designed with subnanometer precision, TUM biophysicists collaborated with scientists at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK. They produced a relatively large, three-dimensional DNA-based structure, asymmetrical to help determine the orientation, and incorporating distinctive design motifs.
Subnanometer-resolution imaging with low-temperature electron microscopy enabled the researchers to map the object which comprises more than 460,000 atoms with subnanometer-scale detail. Because the object incorporates, in effect, a whole library of different design elements, it will also serve as a resource for further study. The results, reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, not only demonstrate atomically precise assembly, but also show that such structures, formerly thought to be jelly-like and flexible, are rigid enough to be probed by electron microscopy.
Fast processing, near-100% yields
In contrast, DNA objects with 19 different designs including plate-like, gear-like, and brick-like shapes were used for a second series of experiments at TUM, reported in the latest issue of Science. Here the researchers' main focus was on the dynamics of DNA folding and unfolding. The usual self-assembly process is often described as a "one-pot reaction": Strands of DNA that will serve as the template, instructions, and building material for a designed object are placed together at a relatively high temperature where they will remain separate; the temperature is gradually lowered, and somewhere along the line the DNA strands zip together to form the desired structures.
Observing this process in unprecedented detail, the TUM researchers discovered that all of the action takes place within a specific and relatively narrow temperature range, which differs depending on the design of the object. One practical implication is that, once the optimal temperature for a given design has been determined, DNA self-assembly nanomanufacturing, in essence could be accomplished through fast processes at constant temperatures. Following up on this lead, the researchers found that they could "mass-produce" objects made from hundreds of DNA strands within minutes instead of days, with almost no defective objects or by-products in the resulting batch.
"Besides telling us that complex DNA objects are manufacturable," Dietz says, "these results suggest something we hardly dared to imagine before that it might be possible to assemble DNA nanodevices in a cell culture or even within a living cell."
From the viewpoint of fundamental biology, the most intriguing result of these experiments may be the discovery that DNA folding resembles protein folding more closely than anticipated. Chemically and structurally, the two families of biomolecules are quite different. But the researchers observed clearly defined "cooperative" steps in the folding of complex DNA objects, no different in principle from mechanisms at work in protein folding. They speculate that further experiments with self-assembly of designed DNA objects could help to unravel the mysteries of protein folding, which is more complex and less accessible to direct study.
###
This work was supported by the European Research Council (HD, Starting Grant #256270); the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the Excellence Clusters CIPSM and NIM, the TUM Institute for Advanced Study, and the Collaborative Research Center SFB863; and the Medical Research Council.
Original publications:
Xiao-chen Bai, Thomas G. Martin, Sjors H. W. Scheres, Hendrik Dietz. Cryo-EM structure of a 3D DNA-origami object. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Dec. 4, 2012, 109 (49) 20012-20017; on-line in PNAS Early Edition, Nov. 19, 2012. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215713109
Jean-Philippe J. Sobczak, Thomas G. Martin, Thomas Gerling, Hendrik Dietz. Rapid folding of DNA into nanoscale shapes at constant temperature. Science, vol. 338, issue 6113, pp. 1458-1461. DOI: 10.1126/science.1229919
See also: Martin Langecker, Vera Arnaut, Thomas G. Martin, Jonathan List, Stephan Renner, Michael Mayer, Hendrik Dietz, and Friedrich C. Simmel. Synthetic lipid membrane channels formed by designed DNA nanostructures. Science, vol. 338, issue 6109, pp. 932-936. DOI: 10.1126/science.1225624
Contact:
Prof. Hendrik Dietz
Technische Universitaet Muenchen
Physics Dept., Walter Schottky Institute / ZNN
Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
Tel: +49 (0)89 289 11615
E-mail: dietz@tum.de
Web: http://bionano.physik.tu-muenchen.de
Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) is one of Germany's leading universities. It has roughly 480 professors, 9,000 academic and non-academic staff, and 32,000 students. It focuses on the engineering sciences, natural sciences, life sciences, medicine, and economic sciences. After winning numerous awards, it was selected as an "Elite University" in 2006 and 2012 by the Science Council (Wissenschaftsrat) and the German Research Foundation (DFG). In both international and national rankings, TUM is rated as one of Germany's top universities. TUM is dedicated to the ideal of a top-level research-based entrepreneurial university. The university's global presence includes offices in Beijing (People's Republic of China), Boston (USA), Brussels (Belgium), Cairo (Egypt), Mumbai (India) and Sao Paulo (Brazil). The German Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), founded in 2002 in Singapore, is the first research campus of a German university abroad. www.tum.de
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-12/tum-rcf121112.php
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Video: Calif. university on lockdown following robbery
Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.
Source: http://video.today.msnbc.msn.com/today/50185101/
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Thursday, December 13, 2012
Cloud forest trees drink water through their leaves
Dec. 12, 2012 ? Tropical montane cloud forest trees use more than their roots to take up water. They also drink water from clouds directly through their leaves, University of California, Berkeley, scientists have discovered.
While this is an essential survival strategy in foggy but otherwise dry areas, the scientists say that the clouds the trees depend on are now disappearing due to climate change.
"The study highlights the vulnerability of this rare and already endangered ecosystem to climate change," said Todd Dawson, senior author of the study and UC Berkeley professor of integrative biology. Changes in cloud cover have already been correlated to declines and disappearances of cloud forest animal populations, such as frogs and salamanders.
The new study will be published next year in the journal Ecology Letters and is available online this month.
In tropical montane cloud forests, leaves are constantly bathed in clouds, making them wet. The leaves of the most common cloud forest trees drink this cloud water when water from the soil just isn't enough, said Greg Goldsmith, lead author of the study and a graduate student in Dawson's lab.
"Many cloud forests experience an annual dry season when the primary water source isn't rain, but rather, the moisture from the clouds," he said. "This is when the trees are most likely to draw water in through their leaves."
Working in Monteverde, Costa Rica, the researchers studied patterns of leaf wetness caused by the clouds by setting up small plastic "leaves" that use changes in the voltage of an embedded electrical circuit to detect wetness. Then, they installed miniature sensors on the branches of cloud forest plants to see whether or not water was entering leaves when they were wet.
"The textbooks teach us that water enters roots, moves up the trunk and into the branches, then finally exits the leaves. That's true, but it's not the whole story," Goldsmith said. "With our sensors, we observed water entering the leaves and actually moving back down the branches toward the trunk."
The research builds on previous work by Dawson, who demonstrated a similar phenomenon in California redwoods.
However, the study found that not all trees can drink the same amount of cloud water.
"The trees that are drinking the most water through their leaves may be more vulnerable to decreases in cloud cover resulting from rising temperatures," said Goldsmith, who received funding from a National Geographic Society Young Explorers Grant to conduct the research.
"The study provides a clear demonstration of the interactions between clouds and cloud forest plants and will serve as a cornerstone for future research on the effects of climate change on tropical montane cloud forest ecosystems," Dawson added.
In addition to funding from the National Geographic Society, Goldsmith was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a Smithsonian Institution Short-Term Fellowship and a Wang Family Fellowship from UC Berkeley.
UC Berkeley graduate student Nicholas J. Matzke is also a co-author of the report.
Editor's note: More information available at http://www.canopyintheclouds.com/
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Story Source:
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - Berkeley. The original article was written by Robert Sanders.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- Gregory R. Goldsmith, Nicholas J. Matzke, Todd E. Dawson. The incidence and implications of clouds for cloud forest plant water relations. Ecology Letters, 2012; DOI: 10.1111/ele.12039
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/strange_science/~3/ch8uQlFUC-Q/121213104228.htm
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